Electric Arc Furnace

The electric arc furnace is a key equipment for steelmaking in steel plants. It utilizes electric energy and relies on the electric arc generated between the graphite electrode and the furnace charge to smelt steel. The temperature in the arc zone can reach over 3000℃, enabling rapid melting of the furnace charge.

Electric arc furnaces are highly efficient and energy-saving, with a thermal efficiency exceeding 80%. They also offer advantages such as environmental friendliness and production flexibility, and can accommodate a wide range of iron-containing raw materials. These furnaces are primarily used for producing construction steel, such as rebar, and can also be employed for smelting special steel grades, meeting the needs of industries like construction and aerospace.

An electric arc furnace primarily consists of a furnace body, electrodes, a power supply, and a cooling system. The furnace body is constructed from refractory materials. The electrode system is responsible for regulating the electric arc, the power supply system provides power, and the cooling system ensures stable operation of the equipment. Based on the form of the electric arc, electric arc furnaces can be divided into three-phase, consumable, single-phase, and resistance types; according to power, they are classified into ordinary, high-power, and ultra-high-power electric arc furnaces. Steel mills commonly use three-phase high-power or ultra-high-power electric arc furnaces.

During steelmaking, scrap steel and other furnace materials are first loaded into the furnace. The electrodes are lowered to initiate an arc, which releases high temperatures to melt the furnace materials. Subsequently, temperature control is achieved by adjusting the electrodes, and refining operations such as decarburization and dephosphorization are carried out to precisely adjust the composition of the molten steel. Once the steel is qualified, it is tapped out.

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